Aller directement voir :
Grand public
- Interview Radio de Jonathan Lenoir et Eva Gril : Camille Passe au vert, sur France Inter :
- Bande dessinée :
Interview publiée en ligne par le magazine La Bête (pages 14-17)
Article paru sur la plateforme Echosciences
Publications scientifiques
- “Using airborne LiDAR to map forest microclimate temperature buffering or amplification”
Article publié dans Remote Sensing of Environment : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2023.113820
- “Slope and equilibrium: A parsimonious and flexible approach to model microclimate”
Article de méthode publié dans Methods in Ecology and Evolution : https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.14048
- “Forest microclimates and climate change: importance, drivers and future research agenda”
Article de synthèse publié dans Global Change Biology : https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15569
F I G U R E 2 : Number of publications on the topics ‘microclimate & forests’ (dark red) and ‘microclimate & biodiversity’ (blue) according to a Web of Science search on 23 October 2020 (results included till end of 2019).
F I G U R E 3 : Multiple vegetation drivers of microclimate might be of different importance in forests at boreal (top), temperate (middle) and tropical (bottom) latitudes respectively. It is important to note, however, that most processes illustrated here for one biome often are also important in the other biomes. Increasing tree density from open non-forest habitats (a), to plantations with a simple canopy structure (b), to (semi-) natural forest with complex structure (c) reduces below-canopy wind speeds above ground. Forest canopies can reduce ground snow cover and thus decrease the insulating effect of snow cover on cool soil temperatures during the cold season (d). Microclimate is also in part a function of water availability; for instance, during drought, lower soil moisture reduces the rate of evapotranspiration (e), thereby decreasing temperature buffering as plants defoliate and die. Vertical layering of vegetation (f) influences the amount and quality of incoming short-wave radiation, outgoing long-wave radiation and moisture exchange. Disturbances such as tree mortality can create canopy gaps (g), providing a local shift in microclimate. Seasonal reductions in canopy cover (tree phenology, h) during the cool and/or dry season increase the exposure of the internal forest to ambient conditions. Forests also buffer the temporal (i.e. diurnal, seasonal and interannual) variability in temperature conditions relative to adjacent non-forest systems (bottom panel). This buffering effect varies with vegetation height and structure, with reduced buffering in secondary, post-agricultural forests (i) relative to primary or ancient, (semi-) natural forests (j). Microhabitats within a forest, such as those created by epiphytic plants (k), can offer an even more buffered microclimate, critical for the ecology and physiology of many forest species. Finally, the temperature offset in forests can change throughout the diel cycle, with cooler forest interiors versus open areas during the day (l) and warmer at night (m). For the sake of simplicity, we chose to depict wind, short-wave radiation and temperature in the boreal, temperate and tropical panel respectively. However, of course all of these microclimate variables can be relevant to systems across latitudes
F I G U R E 4 : Typical vertical air temperature profiles inside forests of various canopy structure, for clear sky (a) or cloudy (b) conditions, and during the night-time (c) and daytime (d). These examples are based on, for example, Raupach (1989), Ogée et al. (2003), Brower et al. (2011) and Schilperoort et al. (2020)
F I G U R E 5 : Macroclimate change effects on microclimates. Climate warming and climatic extremes affect microclimates and microrefugia by influencing forest composition and structure in boreal (a), temperate (b) and tropical forests (c). It is important to note, however, that most processes illustrated here for one biome often are also important drivers in the other biomes. Complex, indirect effects of climate change on microrefugia involve feedback with natural and anthropogenic factors
F I G U R E 6 : The four dimensions of improving gridded microclimate products for forests. First, (a) one can turn coarse-grained free-air temperature grids (products such as CHELSA and WorldClim) into coarse-grained forest temperature maps using the offset between weather station and forest temperatures. Next, to increase the temporal (b) and spatial (c) resolution of forest microclimate maps, and to create the full vertical temperature profile (d), one should aim for the integration of in situ measurements, and mechanistic and statistical models